Izesekeli Zokusika Utshani
1, iningi lezinsimbi eziphikisayo kanye nezinhlanganisela zazo, ama-alloys amanga, izinto ezinokuthungwa zingenziwa kuphela nge-powder metallurgy indlela.
2, ngoba indlela yokusansimbi yempuphu ingacindezelwa kusayizi wokugcina wokuminyaniswa, ngaphandle kwesidingo esincane noma esincane sokulungiswa kwemishini, ingagcina kakhulu insimbi, inciphise izindleko zomkhiqizo. Ukulahleka kwensimbi lapho kwenziwa imikhiqizo yensimbi ye-powder indlela eyi-1-5% kuphela, ngenkathi ukulahleka kwensimbi ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo ngendlela ejwayelekile yokusakaza kungahle kufike kuma-80%.
3, ngoba inqubo yokusansimbi yempuphu enqubeni yokukhiqiza ayikuncibilikisi okokusebenza, ayesabi ukuxubana nokungcola okulethwa yi-crucible ne-deoxidizer, futhi i-sintering ngokuvamile yenziwa nge-vacuum futhi inciphise umoya, ingesabi i-oxidation , Futhi ngeke inikeze ukungcola kokuqukethwe, kungenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe izinto zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu.
I-4, i-powder metallurgy indlela ingaqinisekisa ukunemba nokufana kwesilinganiso sokwakheka kwempahla.5, i-powder metallurgy ilungele ukukhiqizwa kohlobo olufanayo nenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi igiya nezinye izindleko zokucubungula eziphakeme zemikhiqizo, nge-powder metallurgy ukukhiqiza kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza.
I-1, ukulungiswa kwempahla eluhlaza okusetshenzisiwe. Izindlela ezikhona zokugaya zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: i-mechanical ne-physico-chemical. Indlela yemishini ingahlukaniswa: indlela yokuchotshozwa kwemishini nokwenza i-atomization; Izindlela zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zihlukaniswe zaba ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical indlela, indlela yokwehlisa, indlela yamakhemikhali, indlela yokunciphisa amakhemikhali, indlela yokufaka umusi, indlela yokufaka uketshezi kanye nendlela ye-electrolysis. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwehlisa, i-atomization ne-electrolysis.
2.Upowder formating to the shape shape of the blank block.The purpose of molding is to make a shape and size of the compact, and make it have a certain kwabantu and strength.The indlela udini ngokuyisisekelo ihlukaniswe ingcindezi udini futhi okungezona Ingcindezi yokubumba ukucindezela okusetshenziswa kakhulu.
I-sintering ye-billet.Sintering inqubo eyinhloko ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi ye-powder.Izakhiwo zokugcina zomzimba nezomshini zitholakala ngokufaka ingxenyana ehlanganisiwe ngemuva kokwenza.I-Sintering ihlukaniswe yaba yi-unit sintering kanye ne-multi - component sintering.Izinga lokushisa lokushisa liphansi kune iphuzu lokuncibilika kwensimbi ne-alloy elisetshenziselwa ukuminyaniswa kwesigaba esiqinile sohlelo lweyunithi nohlelo olunezinto eziningi.Ngokwehlukaniswa kwesigaba soketshezi sohlelo lwezinto eziningi, izinga lokushisa lokuphola ngokuvamile liphansi kunendawo encibilikayo yengxenye eyiphikisayo, kepha iphakeme kunephuzu lokuncibilika kwengxenye ye-fusible.Ngaphezu kokuchithwa okujwayelekile, kukhona ukusikeka okuxekethile, indlela yokuncibilika kwe-leaching, indlela yokucindezela eshisayo nezinye izinqubo ezikhethekile zokuthinta.
Ukucutshungulwa kokulandelana kwemikhiqizo ukwelashwa.Ukwelashwa ngemuva kokufakwa sintering kungamukelwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngezidingo ezahlukahlukene zomkhiqizo.Ukuqedela, ukucwilisa, imishini, ukwelashwa kokushisa nokufakwa kwe-elektrikhi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva, ezinye izinqubo ezintsha njengokugoqa nokwakha nazo zisetshenzisiwe lapho kucutshungulwa izinto zokwenziwa kwensimbi yempuphu ngemuva kokuntanta, futhi kwathola imiphumela engcono.
1, omele ingxubevange yensimbi, kuzoba yivolumu enkulu yemikhiqizo enembile, ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ezisezingeni eliphakeme.
2. Yenza i-alloy ephezulu yokusebenza nge-microstructure efanayo, ukucubungula okunzima nokuqina okuphelele.
3. Ama-alloys akhethekile, ngokuvamile aqukethe izigaba ezixubekile, akhiqizwa ngenqubo yokuqina yokuqina.
I-4, ikhiqiza izinto ezi-heterogeneous, amorphous, microcrystalline noma i-alloy metastable.
5, icubungula ifomu elihlukile nelingajwayelekile noma ukwakheka kwezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe.
1, ingacubungula izinto ezikhethekile.Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-metallurgy powder zingakhiqiza izinsimbi ezikhanyayo kanye nezinhlanganisela, ama-alloys mbumbulu, nezinto zokwakha.
2, gcina insimbi, nciphisa izindleko.Ngenxa yokuthi i-powder metallurgy ingacindezelwa kusayizi wokugcina wokuminyaniswa, asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa ukucubungula okwenziwe ngomshini.Ukulahleka kwensimbi okukhiqizwe ngale ndlela kungamaphesenti ama-1 kuya kwama-5 kuphela, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angama-80 ukucubungula okujwayelekile.
1, izingxenye ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokwakheka: i-powder metallurgy imele ingxubevange yensimbi, izothuthukiswa ibe ngumthamo omkhulu wemikhiqizo enembile, izingxenye ezisezingeni eliphakeme zesakhiwo.
2, ukusebenza okuphezulu kwengxubevange: i-powder metallurgy yokukhiqiza inesakhiwo esifanayo se-microstructure, ukucubungula kunzima futhi kuminyene ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwengxubevange ephezulu.
I-3, i-alloy ekhethekile yesigaba esixutshiwe: i-powder metallurgy enenqubo yokuqina yokuqina yokwakha ingxubevange ekhethekile equkethe ukwakheka kwesigaba esixubekile.
4, izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe: ukucubungula ifomu elihlukile nelingejwayelekile noma ukwakheka kwezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe.
5. Ukulungiswa kwezinto zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu.Inqubo yokusansimbi yomgogodla enqubweni yokukhiqiza impahla ayincibilikisi impahla, ngeke ixutshwe nezinye izinto ezilethwa ukungcola, futhi isintering yenziwa nge-vacuum futhi inciphise umoya, ingesabi i-oxidation futhi ngeke kube khona ukungcoliswa kwezinto.Ngakho-ke, ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo buphezulu kakhulu.
I-6, Ukulungiswa kokusatshalaliswa kwempahla.Indlela yensimbi ye-powder ingaqinisekisa ukunemba nokufana kokwakheka kwento esilinganisweni.
I-7, ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ukunciphisa izindleko.I-metallurgy yensimbi ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo enenani elikhulu lomumo ofanayo, njengegiya neminye imikhiqizo enezindleko eziphakeme, ezinganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza.