I-1, iningi lezinsimbi eziphikisayo nezinhlanganisela zazo, ama-alloys amanga, izinto ezimbotshana zingakhiqizwa kuphela ngendlela ye-powder metallurgy.
2, ngoba indlela ye-powder metallurgy ingacindezelwa kusayizi wokugcina wokuhlanganisa, ngaphandle noma isidingo esincane sokucutshungulwa komshini okulandelayo, ingasindisa kakhulu insimbi, inciphise izindleko zomkhiqizo.Ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi lapho kukhiqizwa imikhiqizo nge-powder metallurgy. Indlela i-1-5% kuphela, kuyilapho ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ngendlela evamile yokuphonsa kungase kube phezulu ku-80%.
3, ngoba inqubo ye-powder metallurgy enqubweni yokukhiqiza ayincibiliki impahla, ayesabi ukuxubana nokungcola okulethwe yi-crucible kanye ne-deoxidizer, futhi ukucwilisa ngokuvamile kwenziwa endaweni engenalutho nokunciphisa umoya, akwesabi i-oxidation. , futhi ngeke inikeze noma yikuphi ukungcola kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kungenzeka ukwenza izinto zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu.
I-4, indlela ye-powder metallurgy ingaqinisekisa ukunemba nokufana kwesilinganiso sokwakheka kwezinto.5, i-powder metallurgy ifaneleka ukukhiqizwa komumo ofanayo kanye nenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi igiya kanye nezinye izindleko eziphezulu zokucubungula imikhiqizo, nge-powder metallurgy. ukukhiqiza kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza.
1, ukulungiswa kwempushana yezinto ezingavuthiwe.Izindlela ezikhona zokuhlikihla zingahlukaniswa cishe zibe izigaba ezimbili: mechanical and physico-chemical.Indlela mechanical ingahlukaniswa: mechanical ukuchotshozwa kanye atomization indlela;Izindlela zenyama kanye namakhemikhali ziphinde zihlukaniswe ukugqwala electrochemical. indlela, indlela yokunciphisa, indlela yamakhemikhali, indlela yokunciphisa-amakhemikhali, indlela yokubeka umhwamuko, indlela yokubeka uketshezi kanye nendlela ye-electrolysis.Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukunciphisa, i-atomization kanye ne-electrolysis.
2. Ukwakheka kwempushana ngendlela oyifunayo yebhulokhi engenalutho.Inhloso yokubumba ukwenza ukuma nobukhulu obuthile be-compact, futhi kuyenze ibe nokuminyana okuthile namandla.Indlela yokubumba ihlukaniswe ngokuyisisekelo ekubumbeni ingcindezi futhi okungeyona. - ukubumba ingcindezi.Ukubumba ukucindezela kuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu.
3. I-Sintering of billet.I-Sintering iyinqubo eyinhloko ku-powder metallurgy.Izakhiwo zokugcina ezibonakalayo nezomshini zitholakala ngokucwilisa indawo engenalutho ehlanganisiwe ngemva kokwakheka.I-Sintering ihlukaniswe yaba iyunithi yokucwilisa kanye ne-multi - component sintering.Izinga lokushisa le-sintering lingaphansi iphoyinti lokuncibilika lensimbi nengxubevange esetshenziselwa ukuncibilika kwesigaba esiqinile sesistimu yeyunithi kanye nesistimu yezingxenye eziningi.Esigabeni se-liquid sintering sesistimu yezingxenye eziningi, izinga lokushisa le-sintering ngokuvamile liphansi kunephoyinti lokuncibilika lengxenye ye-refractory, kodwa iphakeme kunephuzu lokuncibilika lengxenye ye-fusible.Ngaphezu kwe-sintering evamile, kukhona i-sintering evulekile, indlela yokuncibilika ye-leaching, indlela yokucindezela okushisayo nezinye izinqubo ezikhethekile zokucwilisa.
4. Ukucutshungulwa kwemikhiqizo ngemva kokulandelana.Ukwelashwa ngemva kokucwiliswa emanzini kungamukelwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezihlukene zomkhiqizo.Njengokuqeda, ukucwiliswa, ukukhanda imishini, ukwelashwa kokushisa kanye ne-electroplating.Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ezinye izinqubo ezintsha ezinjengokugingqika nokufoja ziye zasetshenziswa ekucutshungulweni kwezinto eziyimpushana zokusansimbi ngemva kokucwiliswa, futhi kwazuza imiphumela engcono.
1, omele ingxubevange iron-based, kuyoba umthamo omkhulu imikhiqizo ukunemba, izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu izingxenye zesakhiwo ukuthuthukiswa.
2. Khiqiza ingxubevange yokusebenza okuphezulu nge-microstructure efanayo, ukucubungula okunzima nokuminyana okuphelele.
3. Ama-alloys akhethekile, ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izigaba ezixubile, akhiqizwa inqubo yokuqina ethuthukisiwe.
4, ukukhiqiza izinto ezihlukile, i-amorphous, i-microcrystalline noma i-alloy metastable.
5, ukucubungula ifomu eliyingqayizivele nelingelona elijwayelekile noma ukwakheka kwezingxenye eziyinhlanganisela.
I-1, ingakwazi ukucubungula izinto ezikhethekile.Izindlela ze-Metal powder metallurgy zingakhiqiza izinsimbi eziphikisayo kanye nezinhlanganisela, ama-alloys angama-pseudo, nezinto ezimboza.
2, londoloza insimbi, nciphisa izindleko.Ngenxa yokuthi i-powder metallurgy ingacindezelwa kusayizi wokugcina wokuhlanganisa, asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa ukucubungula ngomshini.Ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi ekhiqizwa ngale ndlela kuyiphesenti elilodwa kuya kwangu-5 kuphela, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-80 ukucubungula okuvamile.
I-1, izingxenye zesakhiwo ezisezingeni eliphakeme: i-powder metallurgy imele ingxubevange esekwe ku-iron, izothuthukiswa ibe umthamo omkhulu wemikhiqizo enembile, izingxenye ezisezingeni eliphakeme zesakhiwo.
I-2, ingxubevange yokusebenza okuphezulu: ukukhiqizwa kwe-powder metallurgy kunesakhiwo se-microstructure esifanayo, ukucubungula kunzima futhi kuminyene ngokuphelele ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-alloy.
3, isigaba esixubile ingxubevange ekhethekile: i-powder metallurgy enenqubo yokuqina ethuthukisiwe ukuze kukhiqizwe ingxubevange evamile equkethe ukwakheka kwesigaba esixubile.
4, izingxenye eziyinhlanganisela: ukucubungula ifomu eliyingqayizivele nelingelona elijwayelekile noma ukwakheka kwezingxenye eziyinhlanganisela.
5. Ukulungiswa kwezinto zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu.Inqubo ye-powder metallurgy ekukhiqizeni izinto ezibonakalayo ayincibiliki into, ngeke ihlanganiswe nezinye izinto ezilethwa ukungcola, futhi i-sintering yenziwa ku-vacuum nokunciphisa umoya, ingesabi i-oxidation kanye ngeke kube khona ukungcoliswa kwempahla.Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo kuphakeme kakhulu.
I-6, Ukulunga kokusatshalaliswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo.Indlela ye-powder metallurgy ingaqinisekisa ukunemba nokufana kokubunjwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngesilinganiso.
I-7, ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko.I-powder metallurgy ifaneleka ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo enenani elikhulu lokubunjwa okufanayo, njengamagiya neminye imikhiqizo enezindleko eziphezulu, ezinganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza.